There are several classes are available in Server Object Model to access the properties in SharePoint 2010.
- SPFarm : used to access the Farm object.
- SPWebApplication : used to access the Web Applications in the farm.
- SPSite - used to access the site collections in SharePoint 2010.
- SPWeb - used to access the site in site collections.
- SPList - used to access the Lists in SharePoint 2010.
- SPListItem - used to access the list items from the list available in site.
- SPDocumentLibrary - used to access the Document Library.